Research
Original plumbing data and research from public sources: wages, prices, water bills, workforce, and housing data, with methods and sources stated.
Plumber Salary by State: All 51 US Jurisdictions Ranked on May 2025 Federal Wage Data
All 50 states and DC ranked on BLS May 2025 wage data, plus a cost-of-living adjusted ranking. Most…
The Plumbing Workforce Report: 2026 Edition, Employment, Wages and the Shortage Ratio
1.36 million work for US plumbing and HVAC contractors but only 465,840 are employed as plumbers. Verified BLS…
The School Drinking Water Report: What Federal Data Shows About Lead Testing in US Schools (2026)
The last national survey found 43% of US school districts tested for lead. No national survey has run…
The Plumbing Cost Index: Q3 2026 Edition, Tracking Plumbing Material and Water Prices Since 2017
Plumbing materials prices rose 41.6% from 2019 to 2025 and 60.6% through August 2026. A reproducible index built…
The Lead Service Line Report: What EPA Data Actually Shows About America’s Lead Pipes (2026)
EPA now projects 4 million US lead service lines, down from 9.2 million. Verified data on the revision,…
The American Residential Water Use Report: 38 Verified Statistics on How Much Water US Homes Actually Use (2026)
Verified 2026 data on US residential water use. Indoor use fell 44.4% since 1999 to 38.5 GPCD. Primary…
When Was Indoor Plumbing Invented? A Complete Timeline
When was indoor plumbing invented? A sourced timeline from Indus Valley pipes to Rome, the 1596 flush toilet,…
Plumbing Repair Cost by Problem: 2026 Price Reference
Plumbing repair cost runs $150 to $500 for most jobs. See 2026 low, typical, and high prices by…
Plumber Shortage Statistics: The Numbers, Tracked
Plumber shortage statistics in sourced tables: projected shortfall, retirements, apprenticeship pipeline, and job openings. Every figure named and…
How Much Do Plumbers Charge Per Hour? 2026 Rates by Region
Plumbers charge about $45 to $200 per hour in 2026, averaging near $90. See what drives the rate,…